What is a boiler?
A steam boiler is a closed metal tank that converts water into steam by receiving energy from a burner. This creates a pressurized tank.
In the following, we will review the equipment installed on the boiler and its accessories, different types and applications of steam boilers, how it works and its problems, important points of buying and installing and ordering boilers.
All equipment installed on the boiler?
Burner, pump, control valve, pressure switch, safety valve, control panel, outlet and discharge and feeding valve, water surface indicator
What are boiler accessories?
Boiler control equipment:
pressure switch
Control level
Thermostat
pressure gauge
water surface indicator
Electrical panel
pressure switch
Thermostat
Electrical panel
water surface indicator
Liquid Level Switch
Gauge-pressure-diaphragm
Boiler valves:
outlet valve
One-way valve
feeding valve
safety valve
Sampling valve
Blow down drain valve
Types of burners:
gas burner
Gasoline burner
Dual burner
Fuel oil burner
Feed pump:
Low pressure vane pump
High pressure floor pump
What is boiler room equipment?
Accessories
Power supply or makeup
Condensate source
Blow down source
Deaerator
Softener
Chemical injection package
dashboard
valves
Automatic valves
three ways
Pneumatic
Solenoid
steam trap
gate valve
wing valve
Globe Valve
air valve
What are the types of boilers?
Steam boilers are classified into two types, firetube and watertube, according to the construction design and the way the fluid moves in the boiler.
In the water tube boiler, water passes through the tubes and the outer surface of the tube is heated by the burner. Then the burner turns the water inside the pipes into steam by transferring heat into the pipe
In the fire tube boiler, the water is collected in the chamber and the hot gases from the burner pass through the tube.
Steam boilers are classified into two categories, vertical steam boilers and horizontal steam boilers, according to the way the boiler is oriented.
According to the design, steam boilers are classified into two categories: electric steam boilers and generator steam boilers.
Steam boilers are divided into four categories, single-pass, double-pass, three-pass and four-pass, according to the number of paths the produced gases take to enter the chimney.
A thermal pass boiler: In this generation of boilers that are no longer produced today, the steam once went through the chimney and entered the chimney. These boilers were coal-burning and were used in steam locomotives.
Two thermal pass boilers: In this type of boilers, which are used to produce hot water, the gases from combustion pass through the boiler twice and then enter the chimney.
Boiler with three thermal passes: In this type of boilers, which are used to produce hot water and steam, the steam gases pass through the boiler three times before entering the chimney.
Four-pass thermal boiler: This type of boiler is used to produce steam in high tonnage and the produced gases pass through the boiler four times and then enter the chimney.
How does a steam boiler work?
At first, the cold water reaches the steel or cast iron boiler through the pipes. Then the water is heated by a burner and boils. The produced steam is transferred to the tank.
The produced hot water is also used in heating systems.
What are the boiler problems?
The amount of salts in water is called water hardness. Usually, water hardness is not low in most areas.
The water in the steam boilers undergoes changes as a result of proximity to the heat and the salts present in it are precipitated.
Accumulation of these deposits causes damage to the blades of cast iron or steel boiler.
Boilers should be periodically washed with acid.
Using a hardening device next to the boiler also helps to solve this problem.
Different uses of steam boiler:
The most important and most used boiler application in many industries is to replace direct heat with an indirect and controlled heating system.
Washing industry such as car washes, urban roads, transport fleets such as airplanes, trains, subways and buses
heating system
refinery
Powerhouse
Petrochemical industry
Industrial parts production factory
car factory
Concrete production
Carpet and fabric yarn dyeing
Production of tomato paste
Milk and dairy products industry
Candies, candy and chocolate products
Cake, cookie and bread products
Concrete curing
Cellulose industry and paper production
Livestock and poultry farms
Mushroom breeding hall
Rubber industry
What are the important points of buying and installing a boiler?
When buying a steam boiler, you should pay attention to the capacity and working pressure of the boiler and the number of passes, as well as whether it has a wet back or has a back, as well as the type of fuel and burner.
Also, the quality of its peripheral equipment is one of the important factors to guarantee its stable performance.
One of the most important issues is the standardization of the steam boiler.
In terms of its material quality and safety, the standard boiler cannot be compared with the non-standard product.
The next point is related to the thermal efficiency of the boiler. Low efficiency causes high energy consumption and as a result waste of fuel and national capital.
What are the important factors in increasing the life of the boiler?
The construction of the boiler has been done in accordance with the accepted methods of international standards and approved construction plans.
The use of standard refractory tubes and alloy steels for the boiler, as well as sufficient heating surface for the tubes, as well as waltzing the tubes instead of welding them to the tubes.
Choosing a burner that is suitable for boiler heating means that the nominal capacity of the burner should be at most 20% higher than the capacity of the steam boiler.
The burner flame should be adjusted and burn completely blue.
The diameter and height of the chimney suction are exactly calculated.
Construction order and boiler purchase guarantee
Its production has been carried out under valid technical inspection.
Considering that the construction and material of the steam boiler must be of very high strength materials, therefore the production processes must be carried out under the supervision of a technical inspector.
Technical inspection teams control the following:
Technical drawing of the product
Primary consumables
Cutting and assembly
welding
Pressure test
